Collaborators and Acknowledgements
The Atlas of MS relies on extensive collaboration and support from MS organisations, clinicians, researchers, people affected by MS and other experts from around the world
We are thankful to Atlas of MS working group and expert advisors, who have been instrumental in guiding the development of the project, including the questionnaire, analysis and reporting.
Working Group
| Name | Country |
|---|---|
| Katie Snell | Australia |
| Elizabeth Kasilingam | Belgium |
| Benjamin Davis | Canada |
| Nana Folmann Hempler | Denmark |
| Meis Bergamin | Germany |
| Javed Hasan | India |
| Aoife Kirwan | Ireland |
| Prof. Mario Battaglia | Italy |
| Dominika Czarnota-Szałkowska | Poland |
| Prof. Riadh Gouider | Tunisia |
| Ceri Smith / Debra Jones | UK |
| Doug Landsman | USA |
Expert Advisors
| Name | Country |
|---|---|
| Prof. Ingrid van der Mei | Australia |
| Prof. Ruth Ann Marrie | Canada |
| Qihui Yang | China |
| Roberto Rodriguez | Dominican Republic |
| Nardos Amdework Fenta | Ethiopia |
| Prof. Emmanuelle Leray | France |
| Dr. Joanna Laurson-Doube | Hong Kong |
| Renuka Malaker | India |
| Prof. Kazuo Fujihara | Japan |
| Prof. Bernard Uitdehaag | Netherlands |
| Najia Chafai | Morocco |
| Dr. Mona Alkhawajah | Saudi Arabia |
| Prof. Neil Robertson | UK |
| Nick Rijke | UK |
| Ass. Prof. Andrew J. Solomon | USA |
| Dr. Nick La Rocca | USA |
| Dr. Mitchell T Wallin | USA |
We are also thankful too..
The key MS International Federation staff who contributed to the Atlas project were:
Ceri Angood Napier, Paulina Arce Casillas, Peer Baneke, Zoe Burr, Sarah Dobson, Victoria Gilbert, Anne Helme, Kerry Huntington, Abdelfatah Ibrahim, Rachel King, Lydia Makaroff, Nick Rijke, Luke Thomas and Clare Walton.
We would also like to thank our other expert stakeholders who helped improve and refine our messaging, including members of MSIF’s International Medical and Scientific Expert Group, and International Working Group on Access.
People affected by MS
We would especially like to thank the people affected by MS who shared their personal stories which helped provide context for the results and the human faces behind the numbers.
World Health Organization and the European MS Platform
MSIF extends its thanks to the World Health Organization and the European MS Platform (EMSP) for their contribution to the initial edition of the Atlas of MS.
We also acknowledge EMSP’s continued collaboration and support throughout the third edition programme. Given the synergies between the Atlas of MS and the EMSP Barometer, the continued exchange of knowledge and expertise has strengthened both initiatives and advanced understanding of the global MS landscape.
McKing Consulting Corporation
We would also like to thank epidemiology and methods experts: Dr. Wendy Kaye and Dr. Lindsay Rechtman of McKing Consulting Corporation, in helping us administer the survey, conduct the analysis and in aiding our endeavours to improve the robustness and quality of the data.
Red Bullet and Osomi
We are also grateful to Red Bullet for the website/analytical tool and Osomi for the design of the logo, report and social media materials.
Country coordinators
We are most grateful to the following country coordinators and their colleagues for taking the time and effort to gather the information and data published in the third edition of the Atlas of MS, including the original publication and subsequent data collection activities undertaken as part of the third edition programme of work.
| Name | Country |
|---|---|
| Dr. Esmatullah Hamed, Dr. Habib ur Rahman | Afghanistan |
| Prof. Jera Kruja | Albania |
| Prof. Smail Daoudi, Mohand Ameziane Boutouche, Dr. Slimane Birouk | Algeria |
| Prof. Adriana Carrá, Dr. Gastón Imhoff, Johana Bauer, Dr. Ricardo Alonso, Dr. Felisa Leguizamon, Dr. Fatima Pagani Cassará, Dr. Berenice Silva, Dr. Verónica Tkachuk, Dr. Celeste Curbelo | Argentina |
| Dr. Nune Yeghiazaryan | Armenia |
| Andrew Giles, Prof. Ingrid van der Mei, Bea Beswick, Dr. Julia Morahan, Dr. Tennille Luker, Ass. Prof. Sudarshini Ramanathan, Prof. Bruce Taylor, Dr. Julie Campbell | Australia |
| Ass. Prof. Fritz Leutmezer | Austria |
| Prof. Nirmalendu Bikash Bhowmik | Bangladesh |
| Art Taradeiko, Olga Bobrovnikova, Elena Sazonchik | Belarus |
| Charles van der Straten Waillet, Prof. Vincent van Pesch | Belgium |
| Dr. Farrah Mateen | Bhutan |
| Prof. Juan Carlos Duran Quiroz | Bolivia |
| Prof. Jasminka Đelilović – Vranić, Dr. Edina Djozic | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Prof. Alice Estevo Dias, Prof. Guilherme Sciascia do Olival | Brazil |
| Coordinators wished to remain anonymous | Brunei Darussalam |
| Prof. Ivan Milanov, Ass. Prof. Sonya Ivanova | Bulgaria |
| Prof. Kabore B Jean, Dr. Alassane Drave, Dr. Abdoul Aziz Savadogo | Burkina Faso |
| Dr. Prosper Masabarakiza, Dr. Jacques Ntiroranya, Dr. Gloriose Niyongere | Burundi |
| Dr. Albertina Lima | Cabo Verde |
| Prof. Ros Sina, Dr. Sim Sophana | Cambodia |
| Dr. Gams Massi Daniel, Dr. Annick Mélanie Magnerou | Cameroon |
| Prof. Helen Tremlett, Prof. Ruth Ann Marrie, Dr. Penny Smyth, Dr. Natalie Parks, Dr. Ilia Poliakov, Dr. Olinka Hrebicek | Canada |
| Ass Prof. Emmanuel Yangatimbi, Pascal Mbelesso | Central African Republic |
| Dr. Foksouna Sakadi | Chad |
| Francisca Moreira G, Verónica Cruchet Muñoz, Dr. Jacqueline Scherpenisse | Chile |
| Prof. Wei Qiu, Ass. Prof. Wenjing Luo, Ass. Prof. Xiaonan Zhong, Chunxin Liu, Jingqi Wang, Cong Li, Dr. Shilin Wu, Dr. Luvao Zhou, Dr. Li Xu, Dr. Huiming Xu, Dr. Yanna Song | China |
| Dr. Carlos Navas | Colombia |
| Veronica Milanesi, Gloriana Echandi | Costa Rica |
| Dr. Ismaila Diakite, Dr. Constance Ehounoud-Yapo , Bony Kotchy Elisee, Dr. Claude Kadjo | Cote d’Ivoire |
| Tanja Malbaša, Dr. Tea Mirosevic Zubonja, Prof. Mario Habek, Dr. Tereza Gabelic, Dr. Barbara Barun, Dr. Ivan Adamec | Croatia |
| Margarita Ruiz Peraza, Dr. Irma Regla Olivera Leal, Dr. Reinaldo Mustelier Bécquer, Dr. C. Zurina Lescayo Ofarri, Dr. Alina Gonzalez Quevedo | Cuba |
| Prof. Marios Pantzaris | Cyprus |
| Prof. Dana Horakova, Jana Vojackova, Jiri Drahota, Dr. Dominika Stastna | Czech Republic |
| Prof. Melinda Magyari, Hanna Joensen, Prof. Finn Sellebjerg | Denmark |
| Dr. Moulid Ali Maidal, Dr Kadira Abdi | Djibouti |
| Dr. Raul Comme Debroth, Dr. Deyanira Ramirez, Dr. Blanca Hernandez, Dr. Biany Santos, Dr. Awilda Candelario, Dr. Armando Guirado, Dr. Indhira Zabala, Dr. Josmarlin Medina, Dr. Sarah Vargas | Dominican Republic |
|
Dr. Edgar Patricio Correa Díaz, Dr. Jacome Sanchez Elisa Carolina, Dr. Ortiz Yepez Maria Angelica , Dr. Torres Herran Germaine Eleanor, Dr. Barrera Madera Raul
|
Ecuador |
| Prof. Nevin M Shalaby, Prof. Magd Zakaria, Prof. Maged Abdel Naseer | Egypt |
| Ana Silvia Barahona Rosales, Dr. Ericka López Mancilla | El Salvador |
| Dr. Katrin Gross-Paju | Estonia |
| Ass. Prof. Biniyam Alemayehu Ayele, Dr. Yared Zenebe Zewde, Nardos Amdework | Ethiopia |
| Prof. Juhani Ruutiainen, Ass. Prof. Merja Soilu-Hänninen, Matias Viitala, Henriikka Nurmi | Finland |
| Ass. Prof. Céline Louapre, Dr. Emmanuelle Leray | France |
| Prof. Maia Beridze, Dr. Natia Merlani, Giorgi Chikvanaia, Prof. Nana Tatishvili, Prof. Sopia Bakhtadze | Georgia |
| Prof. Peter Flachenecker, Prof. Ingo Kleiter, Prof. Christoph Heesen, Prof. Kerstin Hellwig, David Ellenberger, Herbert Temmes, Prof. Bernhard Hemmer, Dr. Boris Kallmann | Germany |
| Ass. Prof. Albert K Akpalu, Ass. Prof. Patrick Adjei, Ass. Prof. Stephen Sarfo, Dr. Kodwo Nkromah, Dr. Fiifi Duodu | Ghana |
| Dimitra Kalogianni, Eva Ioannidou, Kostas Mihalakis, Prof. Anastasios Orologas, Dr. Konstantinos Notas, Konstantinos Mihalakis | Greece |
| Freddy Girón, Dr. Nery Armando Aguilar Marroquin, Dr. Hugo Ordoñez Sarg, Dr. Nery Magdiel Cifuentes, Dr. Alejandro Diaz Jimenez, Dr. Victor Rivera | Guatemala |
| Dr. Jude Hassan Charles | Haiti |
| Dr. N. Eunice Ramírez Sánchez, Dr. Nelson Chinchilla, Dr. Vanesa Sirias, Dr. Maynor Arias, Dr. Carol Zuniga, Suyapa Lupi, Dr. Harlis Estrada | Honduras |
| Dr. Richard Li, Dr Chun Ho Joseph Choi, Dr. Stephen Cheng | Hong Kong |
| Ass. Prof. Cecilia Rajda, Prof. Samuel Komoly, Dr. Csilla Rózsa, Dr. Tünde Csépány, Dr. Magdolna Simó, Dr. Gábor Lovas, Dr. Zita Bíró, Dr. Pánczél Gyula, Dr. Gábor Jakab | Hungary |
| Coordinators wished to remain anonymous | Iceland |
| Prof. Kameshwar Prasad | India |
| Dr. Riwanti Estiasari, Dr. Hendro Birowo, Dr. Sucipto, Arthur H.P. Mawuntu, Dr. Mohammad Kurniawan, Dr. Henry Riyanto Sofyan, Dr. Reyhan Eddy Yunus, Dr. Andika Okparasta, Dr. Anyelir Sutanto | Indonesia |
| Dr. Reza HabibiSaravi, Ass. Prof. Hamed Cheraghmakani, Ass. Prof. Mahmud Abedini, Fariba Ghasemihamedani, Ass. Prof. SM Baghbanian, Prof. Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Ass. Prof. Sharareh Eskandarieh | Iran, Islamic Republic of |
| Prof. Hayder K. Hassoun, Prof. Akram Al Mahadawi, Dr. Sara Mahmod, Dr. Amanj Jamal Khidhir, Dr. Nawfal Shaheed Madhi, Dr. Smeer M. Saeed Ridha, Dr. Segvan Mohammed Salih, Ass. Prof. Sarwer Jamal Al-Bajalan | Iraq |
| Aoife Kirwan, Alison Cotter, Dr. Hugh Kearney | Ireland |
| Dr. Daniel Golan, Dr. Idit Lavi, Chen Segman, Nuriel Burak, Merzon Eugene, Green Ilan, Dr. Ron Milo, Prof. Dimitrios Karussis | Israel |
| Prof. Mario Alberto Battaglia, Prof. Gianluigi Mancardi, Dr. Grazia Rocca | Italy |
| Prof. Noriko Isobe, Prof. Kazuo Fujihara, Dr.Mitsuru Watanabe | Japan |
| Dr. Aida Kondybayeva, Prof. Saltanat Kamenova, Prof. Murat Zhanuzakov, Prof. Karlygash Kuzhybayeva, Dr. Kamila Faizullina |
Kazakhstan |
| Ass Prof. Dilraj Singh Sokhi | Kenya |
| Prof. Ho Jin Kim | Korea, Republic of |
| Ass. Prof. Kamber Zeqiraj, Ema Zeqiraj, Valon Kryeziu | Kosovo |
| Dr. Raed Alroughani, Dr. Samar Farouk Ahmed | Kuwait |
| Ass. Prof. Kunduz Karbozova, Dr.Dzhaparalieva Nurzhan | Kyrgyzstan |
| Dr. Southanalinh Keovilayhong, Dr. Ketmany Phetsiriseng, Dr. Somchit Vorachit, Dr. Saysavath Keosodsay, Dathsada Souvanhnalath, Dr. Thatsaphone Keophanthouvong, Chanthaoloth Southivongnolath |
Lao, People’s Democratic Republic of |
| Dr. Jolanta Kalnina | Latvia |
| Dr. Bassem I Yamout, Dr. Maya Zeineddine | Lebanon |
| Ass. Prof. Philip Zochonis Ireland, | Liberia |
| Dr. Souad Ahmad Zoubi, Dr. Leroy Preston Yankae, | Libya |
| Prof. Rasa Kizlaitiene | Lithuania |
| Coordinators wished to remain anonymous | Luxembourg |
| Dr. Paulo Lo, Dr. Chu-Peng Hoi | Macao |
| Dr. Glorien J. Lemahafaka, Prof. Tehindrazanarivelo | Madagascar |
| Dr. Yohane Gadama | Malawi |
| Dr. Shanthi Viswanathan | Malaysia |
| Dr. Zeinab Koné, Dr. Dramane Coulibaly | Mali |
| Dr. Josanne Aquilina, Dr Marija Cauchi | Malta |
| Dr. Verónica Rivas-Alonso, Prof. Jose Flores-Rivera, Dr. Brenda Bertado Cortes, Dr. Juan José López Prieto | Mexico |
| Prof. Vitalie Lisnic, Dr. Olesea Odainic, Dr. Anna Belenciuc | Moldova, Republic of |
| Dr. Myadagmaa Jaalkhorol, Prof. Ikuo Tsunoda, Prof. Amarsaikhan Dashtseren | Mongolia |
| Dr. Jevto Erakovic, Dr. Ljiljana Radulovic, Dr. Slavisa Perunicic, Dr. Dragica Milikic, Dr. Balsa Vujovic, Dr. Mladen Debeljevic, Dr. Sandra Vujovic, Dr. Sanja Gluscevic, Dr. Milovan Roganovic | Montenegro |
| Nisrine Ameur, Najia Chafai, Najoua El Abkari, Bouchra Ghannaj, Mohamed Berkaoui, Dr. Aicha Lemtouni, Noura Mokhlis, Mounia Ouachani, Fatima Zohra Adnasse, Prof. Rachid Lotfi | Morocco |
| Dr. Nachan Arroz | Mozambique |
| Ass. Prof. Ohnmar, Dr. Htet Htet Lin, Khine Yee Mon, Dr. Kyawt Oo Kay Thi Htay, Chaw Su Hlaing, Dr. Zin Nwe Win |
Myanmar |
| Bianca Özcan, Dr. Saara Ndinelago Neshuku-Nampala, | Namibia |
| Ass. Prof. Raju Paudel, Dr. Naresh Kharbuja, Dr. Ram Chandra Subedi | Nepal |
| Dr. Rinze F. Neuteboom, Prof. Joep Killestein | Netherlands |
| Dr. Deborah F Mason, Dr. Ernest Willoughby | New Zealand |
| Dr. Jorge Alberto Martínez Cerrato, Dr. Luis Garcia Valle, Dr. José Giroud Benitez, Dr. Maria Jose Ayerdis Zamora |
Nicaragua |
| Dr. H Sidibe , Dr. Assadeck Hamid | Niger |
| Dr. Osigwe Agabi, Dr. Ernest Nwazor, Prof. Njide Okubadejo, Prof. Yomi Ogun, Prof. Lukman Femi Owolabi, Prof. Morenikeji Komolage, Prof. Frank Immarhiagbe, Prof. Yakubu Nyandaiti, Prof. Mayowa Owolabi, Prof. Rufus Akinyemi, Dr. Akintomiwa Makanuola | Nigeria |
| Ass. Prof. Igor Kuzmanovski, Dr. Bojan Boshkovski, Dr. Tatjana Petkovska Boshkova, Ass. Prof. Ivan Barbov |
North Macedonia |
| Prof. Kjell-Morten Myhr, Dr. Jan Harald Aarseth, Prof Trygve Holmøy, Ass. Prof. Stig Wergeland, Dr. Anne Britt Runhovde Skår | Norway |
| Dr. Abdullah Al-Asmi | Oman |
| Prof. Mohammad Wasay, Dr Haris Majid Rajpput | Pakistan |
| Dr. Taleb El-Debas | Palestinian Authority |
| Dr. Fernando Gracia, Dr. Blas Armien, Dr. David Dondis | Panama |
| Prof. Fernando Hamuy Diaz de Bedoya, Dr. Cynthia Verónica Fleitas Cabrera, Dr. Margarita Paredes, Dr. Belen Nacimiento, Dr. Maida Morel, Dr. Celeste Doldan | Paraguay |
| Dr. Darwin Vizcarra-Escobar, Dr. Edgar Rojas-Huerto, Ana Chereque, Dr. Rosario Josefina Fabián-Quillama, Dr. Valeria Desiree Parra-Payano, Dr. Luis Miguel Milla-Vera, Dr. Tito Navarro Romero, Dr. Carlos Castañeda Barba, Dr. Ana Cruz Cruz | Peru |
| Ass Prof. Roland Dominic G Jamora, Dr.Adrian Espiritu, Dr. Paul Matthew Pasco | Philippines |
| Prof. Waldemar Brola, Prof. Monika Adamczyk-Sowa, Dr. Marcin Wnuk, Prof. Krzysztof Selmaj, Prof. Ewa Krzystanek, Dr. Robert Bonek, Prof. Marcin Mycko, Dr. Jacek Zaborski, Dr. Jakub Gierczyński, Dominika Czarnota-Szałkowska | Poland |
| Prof. Ana Martins da Silva, Dr. Inês Correia | Portugal |
| Dr. Angel R. Chinea, Dr. Ivonne Vicente, Astrid Diaz, Lourdes Fernandez, Carlos Rios-Bedoya, Cristina Rubi, Javier Chapa, Jose Rojas, David X Carmona-Burgos, Dr. Ramón Vega-Corteguera, Dr. Viviana Martinez-Maldonado, Jessenia Navedo | Puerto Rico |
| Prof. Dr. Dirk Deleu | Qatar |
| Prof. Ovidiu Alexandru Bajenaru. Ass. Prof. Cristina Tiu, Prof. Dafin Fior Muresanu, Assoc Prof Eugenia Irene Davidescu |
Romania |
| Prof. Alexey Boyko, Prof. NN Spirin, Prof. SA Sivertseva | Russian Federation |
| Dr. Susanna Guttmann, Dr. Beatrice Viti, Dr. Edoardo Barvas | San Marino |
| Prof. Mohammed Al Jumah | Saudi Arabia |
| Prof. Ndiaga Matar Gaye | Senegal |
| Prof. Tatjana Pekmezovic, Prof. Jelena Drulovic | Serbia |
| Ass. Prof. Kevin Tan, Ass. Prof. Terrence Thomas, Ass. Prof. Simon Robert Ling, Dr. Derek Soon Tuck Loong, Dr. Amy Quek May Lin, Dr. Furene Wang Sijia, Dr. Yong Kok Pin, Dr. Sarah Hasnor binti Abu Hassan, Dr Yeo Tianrong, Dr. Janis Tye Siew Noi, Dr. Jeanne Tan May May | Singapore |
| Prof. Peter Turcani | Slovakia |
| Dr. Beatrika Končan Vračko | Slovenia |
| Dr. Dominic Giampaolo, Non Smit | South Africa |
| Dr. Alfredo Rodriguez Antigüedad, Pedro Carrascal, Dr. Jose Maria Prieto, Prof Xavier Montalban, Ana Torredemer | Spain |
| Dr. Bimsara Senanayake | Sri Lanka |
| Dr. Mohammed Gasm Elseed Mohammed Elmahal, Dr. Eetidal Ahmed | Sudan |
| Dr. Kelsi Alexandra Smith, Prof. Jan Hillert, Prof Scott Montgomery, Peter Alping, Leszek Stawiarz, Prof. Fredrik Piehl, Dr. Anna Cunningham | Sweden |
| Dr. Viktor von Wyl, Dr. Marco Kaufmann, Dr. Christian Philipp Kamm, Dr. Zina-Mary Manjaly, Dr. Stefania Iaquinto, Dr. Mina Stanikic | Switzerland |
| Dr. Bassim Haik, Prof. Anas Jouhar | Syrian Arab Republic |
| Dr. Chih- Chao Yang | Taiwan |
| Dr. Marieke CJ Dekker, Prof. William P Howlett, Dr. Sarah J Urasa | Tanzania |
| Dr. Sasitorn Siritho, Dr. Metha Apiwattanakul, Dr. Saharat Aungsumart | Thailand |
| Coordinators wished to remain anonymous | Timor-Leste |
| Prof. Komi Assogba, Dr. Kossivi Apetse, Koffi AA Balogou, Mofou Belo, Prof. Damelan Kombate, Ass. Prof. Apetse Kossivi, Prof. Kumako V Kodzo | Togo |
| Prof. Riadh Gouider, Ass. Prof. Saloua Mrabet, Prof. Chokri Mhiri | Tunisia |
| Dr. Melih Tutuncu, Ass. Prof. Serkan Demir, Prof. Aksel Siva, Prof. Hüsnü Efendi, Prof. Rana Karabudak, Ass. Prof. Haluk Gümüş, Dr. Tuncay Gündüz, Dr. Cihat Uzunköprü, Dr. Sedat Şen | Turkey |
| Dr. Martin Kaddumukasa | Uganda |
| Dr. Olga Shulga, Prof. Tamara Mishchenko, Dr. Oksana Zheshko | Ukraine |
| Prof. Jihad Inshasi | United Arab Emirates |
| Prof. NP Robertson, Arwenna Davis, Fredi Cavander-Attwood, Georgina Carr, Jonathan Blades | United Kingdom |
| Dr. Nicholas G. LaRocca, Dr. Mitchell Wallin, Prof. Ruth Ann Marrie, Dr. Annette M. Langer-Gould, Dr. Timothy Coetzee, Kathleen Costello, Julie Fiol, Cynthia Tehan, Prof. Aaron Miller, Prof. Nancy Sicotte, Ass. Prof. Andrew Solomon, Dr. Douglas Landsman, Deszarae Busi | United States of America |
| Prof. Carlos N. Ketzoian, Prof. Carlos Oehninger, Dr. Valeria Rocha, Dr. Juan Ramón Higgie, Dr. Lucia Castro, Dr. Belen Facal | Uruguay |
| Coordinators wished to remain anonymous | Uzbekistan |
| Dr. Miguel Ángel Romero C. , Dr. Geraldine Orozco Escobar | Venezuela |
| Dr. Nghia Hoang | Vietnam |
| Giyab Ali Abdullah Al-Ghalabi, Dr. Qassem Al-Asbahi, Dr. Abdullah aLqadhi, Dr. Mohamed Taher, Dr. Muhammad Saleh Al-Shuaibi, Dr. Ahmed Awad Bahmel, Dr. Naji Al-Dhabyani | Yemen |
| Dr. Deanna Saylor | Zambia |
| Dr. Lenon Gwaunza, Dr. Gift Ngwende | Zimbabwe |
Additional Country coordinators and collaborators
We would also like to thank those coordinators who provided data but who wished to remain anonymous.
With thanks to our funders
This Atlas of MS is coordinated by Multiple Sclerosis International Federation (MSIF) which is a global alliance of national multiple sclerosis organisations. MSIF receives income from a wide range of sources, including healthcare and other companies, individuals, member organisations, campaigns, foundations, and trusts.
Since the launch of the 3rd edition in 2020, the Atlas of MS, along with its subsequent core data updates and topical survey programme of work, were supported by grants from:
- MS Organisations: Associazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (Italy), Dutch MS Research Foundation, German MS Society, MS Society (UK), National MS Society (US)
- Healthcare Industry: Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Coloplast, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck, Novartis, Sandoz, Sanofi, Viatris.
Funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, or publication.